Philip Pettit dirige su filosofía entorno a dos
corrientes: una más académica sobre metafísica y otra política donde expone
sus ideas sobre el republicanismo. Es considerado padre de lo que algunos
académicos han denominado Neo republicanismo, que es una corriente
teórica que busca en el pasado la existencia de una tradición republicana que
justifique sus postulados normativos.
La idea fundamental es proteger al ciudadano tanto de la dominación pública como de la privada. Un individuo está bajo dominación de otro cuando depende de su buena voluntad para obtener recursos básicos. Para evitar la dominación pública (del Estado) se propone la democracia, la separación de poderes (admite la monarquía) y la distribución de competencias entre diferentes niveles, es decir, dispersar el poder y que los ciudadanos lo supervisen. Esto implica gran implicación política.
Para evitar la dominación privada propone crear un
Estado de Bienestar, aumentar el poder de negociación de los trabajadores y
evitar que los más ricos tengan un acceso más fácil a los órganos políticos.
El Gobierno debe ser humilde. Debe crear mecanismos
de control social (organizaciones no gubernamentales, medios de
comunicación, etc.) y hacerles independientes y fuertes, no solo dándoles
dinero. Una vez conseguido, sabrán ser críticos con el Gobierno y este tiene
que tener la gran virtud de aceptar críticas de sus propias creaciones.
En alguna ocasión, Philip Pettit ha aludido al
ejemplo de la Inglaterra del siglo XVII, que entendía la república como
“Commonwealth” (res publica, es decir, bien común). El neo republicanismo
difiere del republicanismo clásico en lo concerniente a la monarquía. Pettit
considera que república no es opuesto a monarquía, pues aquella
sociedad, como la Inglaterra del siglo XVII, en la que el rey está sometido
a la ley y funciona un estado de derecho, debe llamarse república.
La obligación del republicanismo es impedir la
dominación de un individuo sobre otro, creando un poder que ponga freno al
poder público y hacerlo democráticamente responsable. Para ello se deben
garantizar:
- La elección de los representantes políticos por un tiempo determinado y, preferiblemente, con rotación de personal durante ese periodo.
- La separación de poderes, de manera que nadie controle todos
- El Estado de derecho debe ser aplicable a todos.
Short Bio
PHILIP PETTIT is L.S.
Rockefeller University Professor of Politics and Human Values at Princeton
University, where he has taught political theory and philosophy since 2002,
and for a period that began in 2012-13 holds a joint position as
Distinguished University Professor of Philosophy at the Australian National
University, Canberra. Born and raised in Ireland, he was a lecturer in
University College, Dublin, a Research Fellow at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and
Professor of Philosophy at the University of Bradford, before moving in 1983 to
the Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University; there
he held a professorial position jointly in Social and Political Theory and
Philosophy until 2002.
He was elected fellow of
the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2009, honorary member of the Royal
Irish Academy in 2010 and Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy in 2013;
he has long been a fellow of the Australian academies in Humanities and Social
Sciences. He holds honorary professorships in Philosophy at Sydney University
and Queen's University, Belfast and has been awarded honorary degrees by the
National University of Ireland (Dublin), the University of Crete, Lund
University, Universite de Montreal, Queen's University, Belfast and the
University of Athens. Common Minds: Themes from the Philosophy of
Philip Pettit appeared from OUP in 2007, edited by Geoffrey Brennan,
R.E.Goodin, Frank Jackson and Michael Smith.
He works in moral and political theory and on background issues in the philosophy of mind and metaphysics. His recent single-authored books include The Common Mind (OUP 1996), Republicanism (OUP 1997), A Theory of Freedom (OUP 2001), Rules, Reasons and Norms (OUP 2002), Penser en Societe (PUF, Paris 2004), Examen a Zapatero (Temas de Hoy, Madrid 2008), Made with Words: Hobbes on Mind, Society and Politics (PUP 2008); On the People's Terms: A Republican Theory and Model of Democracy (CUP 2012); Just Freedom: A Moral Compass for a Complex World (W.W.Norton 2014) and The Robust Demands of the Good: Ethics with Attachment, Virtue and Respect (OUP 2015). His recent co-authored books include The Economy of Esteem (OUP 2004), with Geoffrey Brennan; Mind, Morality and Explanation (OUP 2004), a selection of papers with Frank Jackson and Michael Smith; A Political Philosophy in Public Life: Civic Republicanism in Zapatero's Spain (PUP 2010), with Jose Marti; and Group Agency: The Possibility, Design and Status of Corporate Agents (OUP 2011), with Christian List.
He works in moral and political theory and on background issues in the philosophy of mind and metaphysics. His recent single-authored books include The Common Mind (OUP 1996), Republicanism (OUP 1997), A Theory of Freedom (OUP 2001), Rules, Reasons and Norms (OUP 2002), Penser en Societe (PUF, Paris 2004), Examen a Zapatero (Temas de Hoy, Madrid 2008), Made with Words: Hobbes on Mind, Society and Politics (PUP 2008); On the People's Terms: A Republican Theory and Model of Democracy (CUP 2012); Just Freedom: A Moral Compass for a Complex World (W.W.Norton 2014) and The Robust Demands of the Good: Ethics with Attachment, Virtue and Respect (OUP 2015). His recent co-authored books include The Economy of Esteem (OUP 2004), with Geoffrey Brennan; Mind, Morality and Explanation (OUP 2004), a selection of papers with Frank Jackson and Michael Smith; A Political Philosophy in Public Life: Civic Republicanism in Zapatero's Spain (PUP 2010), with Jose Marti; and Group Agency: The Possibility, Design and Status of Corporate Agents (OUP 2011), with Christian List.
He gave the Tanner
Lectures on Human Values at Berkeley in April 2015 under the title The
Birth of Ethics, which he is currently preparing for publication as a
book. He is presenting the Locke lectures in Philosophy at Oxford
University in Spring 2019.
·
For a ‘road trip’ with Just
Freedom see the dropbox link at https://twitter.com/wwnorton/status/644908628437303296
·
Harry Kreisler interview
with Philip Pettit, Berkeley 2015: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kvy86eVwva0
·
Podcast ‘A Brief History
of Liberty and its Lessons’: http://mpegmedia.abc.net.au/rn/podcast/2014/07/bia_20140710.mp3;
Televised version: http://www.abc.net.au/tv/bigideas/
Televised version: http://www.abc.net.au/tv/bigideas/
·
For interviews on
www.philosophybites.com see Philip Pettit on Group Agency and Philip Pettit on Consequentialism and Philip Pettit on Republicanism
For a piece on protests about the financial crises go to laviedesidees.fr see Republican Reflections on the 15-M movement
For a piece on the market and politics see http://www.opendemocracy.net/ourkingdom/philip-pettit/taking-back-economy-market-as-res-publica
For a recent interview about the book ‘On the People's Terms’ see http://newbooksinphilosophy.com/2013/05/01/philip-pettit-on-the-peoples-terms-a-republican-theory-and-model-of-democracy-cambridge-up-2012/
For a piece on protests about the financial crises go to laviedesidees.fr see Republican Reflections on the 15-M movement
For a piece on the market and politics see http://www.opendemocracy.net/ourkingdom/philip-pettit/taking-back-economy-market-as-res-publica
For a recent interview about the book ‘On the People's Terms’ see http://newbooksinphilosophy.com/2013/05/01/philip-pettit-on-the-peoples-terms-a-republican-theory-and-model-of-democracy-cambridge-up-2012/
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